Holstein Legend

NAAB

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PFT

Italian Selection Index which combines production, functionality and type.

IES

Italian Economical Selection Index which highlights productive and healthy animals.

ICS-PR

Italian Economical Selection Index which maximize income for the cheese making process.

A2A2

Genotype A2A2 Beta-casein carrier.

HH Free

Not carrier of Holstein haplotypes. HH are involved in the reproductive efficiency of the herd.

Grazing

Grazing Index higher than 106.

Income

High IES and ICS-PR indeces.

Electa

Sexed Semen available.

Pro Caseus

Pro Caseus Index (Cheese Making Aptitude) higher than 106.

Ok Robot

Udder suitable for Robot Milking.
Automated Milking Index (IMA) higher than 106.

Calving Ease

Calving Ease Index higher than 106.

MILK

Estimated milk produced more than the population average (population average is 0).

Pr.% – Gr. %

Estimated fat and protein percentages produced more than the population average (population average is 0).

Pr.Kg e Gr.Kg

Estimated kg of fat and protein produced more than the population average (population average is 0).

Daughters

The bull’s daughters having their milk data recorded, in order to calculate the bull’s index.

Herds

Number of registered farms in which there are daughters of the bull.

Rel. %

In statistics, the overall consistency of a measure.

K-Casein

K-Casein Genotype: AA, BB, EE, AB, AE, BE.

Beta-Casein

Beta – Casein Genotype: A1A1, A2A2 o A1A2

B-Lactoglobulin

B-Lactoglobulin genotype: AA, BB, AB.

Pro Caseus

Genomic Index for Cheese-Making Aptitude – Pro Caseus®.

Sire Calving Ease

The index describes a sire’s ability to produce a calf that is born easily.

Daughter Calving Ease

The index describes the daughters’ ability to produce a calf that is born easily.

Milking Speed

The index describes the milking speed of bull’s daughters.

SCS

The index describes the somatic cell score of bull’s daughters. It measures a bull’s milking daughter’s susceptibility to mastitis.

Udder Health

The index describes the bull’s daughters’ genetic ability to resist mastitis.

Longevity

The index refers to the number of lactations of a cow, before exit the herd due to insufficient productivity.

Fertility

The index is composed by 8 sub-indexes with the aim to improve the fertility rate.

Feed Efficiency Index (PFE)

The index describes the amount of feed (dry matter) required to produce one kg of milk.

BCS

The index describes if bull’s daughters can maintain a good level of fat reserves during various production phases.

Grazing

The index describes how much bull’s daughters are suitable for grazing system and extensive farming.
The Grazing Index is calculated by Intermizoo in partnership with University of Padua.

Automated Milking Index

The index describes how much bull’s daughters are suitable for robot milking.

Heat Tolerance Index

The index describes the ability of cows to resist to high temperature and humidity (THI).

Type

The type index derives from 17 indices based on linear morphological traits.

Udder Comp. (ICM)

The goal of ICM index is to breed for a functional udder. Its formula is based on the linear scores of the udder.

Feet & Legs Comp. (IAP)

The IAP index combines indices based on linear traits relative to feet and legs and locomotion.

Rel.%

In statistics, the overall consistency of a measure.

Stature

Highest point of rump line between points of hips.

Strength

Distance between fore legs.

Body depth

Depth, corresponding to last rib.

Dairy form

Angle and openness of chest, combined with quality of the skeleton.

Rump angle

Angle between joining line of hip and pin bone and line parallel to ground corresponding to hip bone.

Thurl width

Distance between points of pins.

Conformation

Reference to breed standards feet & legs and mammary non included.

Rear leg set

Angle of hock fore profile.

Rear leg view

Alignment of feet and legs (rear view).

Foot angle

Distance of soft tissues from ground.

Locomotion

Length of step and direction of rear legs (in movement).

Fore attachment

Strength of attachment to the abdominal wall.

Rear att. height

Position with regard to average point between pin bone and hock.

Rear att. width

Measured at the height point.

Udder cleft

The depth of cleft, measured at the base of the rear udder.

Udder depth

Distance of the udder floor to the hock.

Front teat plmt.

Placement of teats with regard to centre of quarters.

Rear teat plmt.

Placement of teats with regard to centre of quarters.

Teat Lenght

Length of fore teats.

TPI

Most important U.S. selection index which combines production, health and conformation.

Net Merit

U.S. selection index which predicts net profit over the lifetime of the animal’s average daughter, expressed in U.S. dollars.